{"id":15685,"date":"2026-08-19T16:03:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685"},"modified":"2026-08-19T16:03:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-19T13:03:12","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 .<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<br \/>\n\u0623.\u062f \u0627\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627<br \/>\n\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<br \/>\n\u0623.\u0645.\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627<br \/>\n\u0623.\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<br \/>\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2013<br \/>\n\u200fwebsite<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"dEbQ5lLPME\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u201d \u2014 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?embed=true#?secret=hWomlVEnsu#?secret=dEbQ5lLPME\" data-secret=\"dEbQ5lLPME\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>instagram<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pure_scien?igsh=bXhjb290c3I1b2cz<\/p>\n<p>tiktok<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" cite=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@pse.media6\" data-unique-id=\"pse.media6\" data-embed-from=\"oembed\" data-embed-type=\"creator\" style=\"max-width:780px; min-width:288px;\">\n<section> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@pse.media6?refer=creator_embed\">@pse.media6<\/a> <\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p> <script async src=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>youtube<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCb4lH7cCPtNWGTt-1N1bHZQ<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<br \/>\nhttps:\/\/ur.gov.iq\/<\/p>\n<p>#\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645_\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644_\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p>#\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629_\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645_\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629_\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649<a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15686\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15687\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0322-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15688\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0333-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15689\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0328-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15690\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0334-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15691\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0321-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15692\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0336-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15693\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0331-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15694\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15695\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0324-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15696\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0297.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15697\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-1024x672.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-1024x672.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-1536x1008.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-2048x1344.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-114x75.jpg 114w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0308-480x315.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15698\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0299.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15699\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0296.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15700\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0298.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15701\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0313-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15704\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0293.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15705\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15706\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG-20260819-WA0325-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15707\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0661\u0664\u0665-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-scaled.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-15708\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-1024x577.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-1024x577.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-2048x1153.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0662\u0660\u0662\u0666\u0660\u0668\u0661\u0669_\u0661\u0662\u0664\u0663\u0662\u0661-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 480px, (max-width:1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":15709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[215,22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category--en","category-22"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"raad hamoodi\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 | \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"853\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-19T13:03:12+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-19T13:03:12+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/1R8rGnrk4f2jxqBk\/?mibextid=LQQJ4d\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#article\",\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644 | \\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629\",\"headline\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?author=8#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":853},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"\\u0627\\u062e\\u0628\\u0627\\u0631, \\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u0626\\u064a\\u0633\\u064a\\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?cat=22#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?cat=22#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?cat=22\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0627\\u0644\\u0631\\u0626\\u064a\\u0633\\u064a\\u0629\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?cat=22#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0645\\u0642\\u0627\\u0644\\u0627\\u062a\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629\",\"description\":\"\\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/11\\\/\\u0634\\u0639\\u0627\\u0631.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":413,\"height\":289},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685\\\/#organizationLogo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/share\\\/1R8rGnrk4f2jxqBk\\\/?mibextid=LQQJ4d\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/pure_scien\\\/?igsh=b3UyaHMzMXRlcmk0\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?author=8#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?author=8\",\"name\":\"raad hamoodi\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/a81e519c840a2db8a20c104238e44455a988fedb990949e68619ed8439eccd88?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"raad hamoodi\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685\",\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644 | \\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629\",\"description\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644 \\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634\\u062a \\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629 \\u0628\\u062c\\u0627\\u0645\\u0639\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0627\\u062c\\u0633\\u062a\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0644\\u0644\\u0637\\u0627\\u0644\\u0628 \\u0639\\u0645\\u0627\\u0631 \\u062d\\u0645\\u062f \\u0646\\u0627\\u064a\\u0644 \\u0639\\u0646 \\u0631\\u0633\\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0648\\u0633\\u0648\\u0645\\u0629( \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0648\\u0635\\u064a\\u0641 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0638\\u0647\\u0631\\u064a \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0641\\u0633\\u064a\\u0648\\u0644\\u0648\\u062c\\u064a \\u0648\\u0627\\u0644\\u0648\\u0631\\u0627\\u062b\\u064a \\u0644\\u0628\\u0639\\u0636 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0646\\u0628\\u0627\\u062a\\u0627\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062e\\u062a\\u0627\\u0631\\u0629 \\u0641\\u064a \\u0635\\u062d\\u0631\\u0627\\u0621 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u062b\\u0646\\u0649 ) \\u0648\\u062d\\u0636\\u0631\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u0645\\u0646\\u0627\\u0642\\u0634\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0633\\u064a\\u062f\\u0629 \\u0639\\u0645\\u064a\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0623\\u0633\\u062a\\u0627\\u0630 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0643\\u062a\\u0648\\u0631\\u0629 \\u062a\\u064a\\u0633\\u064a\\u0631 \\u0639\\u0628\\u062f \\u0627\\u0644\\u0625\\u0644\\u0647 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062d\\u0633\\u064a\\u0646\\u064a. \\u0648\\u0647\\u062f\\u0641\\u062a \\u0627\\u0644\\u062f\\u0631\\u0627\\u0633\\u0629 \\u0625\\u0644\\u0649 \\u062a\\u0642\\u064a\\u0645\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?author=8#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?author=8#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":853},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/?p=15685#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/\",\"name\":\"\\u0643\\u0644\\u064a\\u0629 \\u0627\\u0644\\u062a\\u0631\\u0628\\u064a\\u0629\",\"description\":\"\\u0644\\u0644\\u0639\\u0644\\u0648\\u0645 \\u0627\\u0644\\u0635\\u0631\\u0641\\u0629\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pse.mu.edu.iq\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","description":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645","canonical_url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#article","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","headline":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?author=8#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg","width":1280,"height":853},"datePublished":"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00","dateModified":"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00","inLanguage":"ar","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#webpage"},"articleSection":"\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631, \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq#listItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22#listItem","name":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22#listItem","position":2,"name":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a","item":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#listItem","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq#listItem","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#listItem","position":3,"name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22#listItem","name":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/#organization","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629","description":"\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685\/#organizationLogo","width":413,"height":289},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/1R8rGnrk4f2jxqBk\/?mibextid=LQQJ4d","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/pure_scien\/?igsh=b3UyaHMzMXRlcmk0"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?author=8#author","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?author=8","name":"raad hamoodi","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/a81e519c840a2db8a20c104238e44455a988fedb990949e68619ed8439eccd88?s=96&d=mm&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"raad hamoodi"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#webpage","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","description":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645","inLanguage":"ar","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?author=8#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?author=8#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685\/#mainImage","width":1280,"height":853},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00","dateModified":"2026-08-19T16:03:12+03:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/#website","url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/","name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","description":"\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629","inLanguage":"ar","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"ar_AR","og:site_name":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 | \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629","og:type":"article","og:title":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","og:description":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645","og:url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685","og:image":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg","og:image:width":1280,"og:image:height":853,"article:published_time":"2026-08-19T13:03:12+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-08-19T13:03:12+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/share\/1R8rGnrk4f2jxqBk\/?mibextid=LQQJ4d","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 | \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629","twitter:description":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 ) \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645","twitter:image":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/IMG_20260819_145553_073-1.jpg"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"15685","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"Article","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2026-08-19 12:54:52","updated":"2026-08-19 13:19:25","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","link":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq"},{"label":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a","link":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?cat=22"},{"label":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644","link":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=15685"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15685"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15710,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15685\/revisions\/15710"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/15709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}