{"id":19252,"date":"2026-04-12T19:31:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-12T16:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=19252"},"modified":"2026-04-12T19:31:57","modified_gmt":"2026-04-12T16:31:57","slug":"%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%81%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a8%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%84%d8%a7-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/?p=19252","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0630\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-right: 40px;\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19253\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0040.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19254\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0036.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19255\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0035.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19256\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0058.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19257\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0081.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19258\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0074.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19259\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0070.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19260\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0082.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19261\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0064.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-19262\" src=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-133x75.jpg 133w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/pse.mu.edu.iq\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/IMG-20260412-WA0038.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 300px, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 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